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作者简介：黄小茹，明升中国app院科技政策与管理app研究所助理研究员。
基金项目：明升中国app院科技政策与管理app研究所青年科研基金资助项目（O700441Q01）；明升中国app院科技政策与管理app研究所所长科研基金项目（O801091J01）。
文中注释
[①] Office of Research Integrity. About ORI–History. http://ori.dhhs.gov/about/history.shtml.
[②] Department of Health and Human Services, United States Public Health Service 1989. Responsibilities of Awardee and Applicant Institutions for Dealing with and Reporting Possible Misconduct in Science: Final Rule, 42 CFR Part 50, Subpart. Federal Register, 54(8 August), 32446-51.
[③] Department of Health and Human Services, Commission on Research Integrity 1995. Integrity and Misconduct in Research. Washington, DC: Health and Human Services. p. 1735.
[④] Federal Policy on Research Misconduct 2000. http://www.ostp.gov/cs/federal_policy_on_research_misconduct.
[⑤] Council of Science Editors 2006. CSE's White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications. http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/editorial_policies/whitepaper/3-2_international.cfm.
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