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在家玩了太久电子游戏,我的认知功能会受损么?| Behavioral and Brain Functions |
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论文标题:Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement
期刊:
作者:Eunhye Choi, Suk-Ho Shin et.al
发表时间:2020/02/03
数字识别码:
微信链接:
原文作者:Amy Joint
自3月16日开始的一周,是2020年的Brain Awareness Week,这一主题活动旨在提高公众对脑app研究的热情,并进一步支持相关研究。在这个主题的启发之前,我们将在接下来的分享中介绍一篇发表在BMC旗下开放获取期刊 上的一篇综述文章,谈谈不同类型的商业电子游戏,以及它们与认知功能的关系。
图片来源:Kerkez / Getty Images / iStock
这项研究的目的是破除在强迫行为和上瘾研究中呈现的电子游戏的负面形象,并提出一个更平衡的观点。本研究中包含的商业电子游戏被分为五种主要类型,而这五种主要类型又可以被分成子类型:
• 传统游戏——在线拼图,纸牌和棋盘游戏,包括单人纸牌游戏
• 模拟游戏——运动,驾驶或生活模拟游戏,如模拟人生
• 战略游戏——全球视野下的实时游戏,例如《孢子(Spore)》和《星际争霸(Starcraft)》
• 动作游戏——根据角色是否可见,分为第三人称(如《堡垒之夜(Fortnite)》)和第一人称(如《使命召唤(Call of Duty)》)
• 幻想游戏——允许探索幻想的环境,如Skyrim
在这篇综述的不同研究中,研究人员发现了认知功能的一些改善。他们发现,经常玩电子游戏的人在保持注意力方面做得更好,尤其是动作类电子游戏更能提高选择性注意力。大脑活动的变化表明,动作类游戏玩家更善于过滤信息,并有效地将注意力分配到重要信息上。
另一个被发现的认知功能改善是视觉空间功能。人们发现玩俄罗斯方块可以增强空间认知,玩10个小时的动作游戏可以提高导航技能。与同龄人相比,那些在高中四年中更经常玩具有特定战略意义的电子游戏的青少年在解决问题的能力方面有所提高。最后一个与游戏玩法相关的认知功能是第二语言开发。在多人在线游戏中,目标语言的交互机会非常频繁,这是获取和使用新词汇的有效方法。
然而,玩家之间的个体差异调节了商业电子游戏对认知能力提高的程度。在13-14岁达到顶峰后,玩电子游戏的时间会随着时间的推移而减少,所以游戏对认知功能的影响可能会随着年龄的增长而减少。年龄也与认知功能本身有关,神经可塑性——大脑对学习做出反应形成和重组连接的能力——随着时间的推移而减弱。
性别也被认为是一个调节因素。男性和女性玩家在注意力优势方面的认知优势相似,但男性玩家玩电子游戏的时间更长,对认知功能的整体影响也更大。
总的来说,这篇综述与游戏在神经app领域享有的“世界上增长最快的成瘾因素”的声誉是相对应的。游戏成瘾者与其他成瘾障碍患者一样,都存在神经生物学上的异常。
通过与全球22亿游戏玩家的联系,并就神经app如何渗透到我们的日常生活中提出正确的问题,这项研究很好的概括了“Brain Awareness Week”存在的目的,即分享脑app研究对更广泛的世界产生的影响。
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Citation Impact
2.457 - 2-year IF
2.710 - 5-year IF
0.747 - SNIP
0.998 - SJR
摘要:
Background
Unlike the emphasis on negative results of video games such as the impulsive engagement in video games, cognitive training studies in individuals with cognitive deficits showed that characteristics of video game elements were helpful to train cognitive functions. Thus, this study aimed to have a more balanced view toward the video game playing by reviewing genres of commercial video games and the association of video games with cognitive functions and modulating factors. Literatures were searched with search terms (e.g. genres of video games, cognitive training) on database and Google scholar.
Results
video games, of which purpose is players’ entertainment, were found to be positively associated with cognitive functions (e.g. attention, problem solving skills) despite some discrepancy between studies. However, the enhancement of cognitive functions through video gaming was limited to the task or performance requiring the same cognitive functions. Moreover, as several factors (e.g. age, gender) were identified to modulate cognitive enhancement, the individual difference in the association between video game playing and cognitive function was found.
Conclusion
Commercial video games are suggested to have the potential for cognitive function enhancement. As understanding the association between video gaming and cognitive function in a more balanced view is essential to evaluate the potential outcomes of commercial video games that more people reported to engage, this review contributes to provide more objective evidence for commercial video gaming.
(来源:明升手机版(明升中国))
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