论文标题：The horse Y chromosome as an informative marker for tracing sire lines

期刊：

作者：Sabine Felkel, Claus Vogl, Doris Rigler, Viktoria Dobretsberger, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Ottmar Distl, Ruedi Fries, Vidhya Jagannathan, Jan E. Jane?ka, Tosso Leeb, Gabriella Lindgren, Molly McCue, Julia Metzger, Markus Neuditschko, Thomas Rattei, Terje Raudsepp, Stefan Rieder, Carl-Johan Rubin, Robert Schaefer, Christian Schlötterer, Georg Thaller, Jens Tetens, Brandon Velie, Gottfried Brem, Barbara Wallner

发表时间：2019/04/15

数字识别码： 10.1038/s41598-019-42640-w

原文链接：

分析Y染色体是重建人类父系历史的最佳途径。在近期发表在Scientific Reports上的研究The horse Y chromosome as an informative marker for tracing sire lines中，研究人员运用双等位基因标志物对马的Y染色体进行了精细的单倍型分析，结果证实这种方法有用于解决父系的祖先问题的潜能。

研究人员首先根据Illumina的短测序片段重新组装出了Y染色体雄性特异性区域的参考片段，然后在来自精选的驯养品种和9匹普氏马的130个突变体样本中，筛选了580万个碱基对。该研究证实了，在驯养的马中，中欧和北美品种中存在新的“优势单倍群”。这一“优势单倍群”中包含在211个突变体基础上的58个单倍型，可细分为三个主要的单倍群。除了之前表征的两个单倍群外（一个发现于阿拉伯/冷血马，另一个发现于土库曼/纯种马中），此次新发现的第三个单倍群包括伊比利亚系和北非的柏布马。

在这次谱系分析中，研究人员区分了三匹英国纯血种马的父系血统，并解决了有关1872出生的 “Galopin”马的血统的历史性争议（“Galopin”是一匹英国纯血赛马，并在退役后背作为种马）。此外，他们还在中欧和北欧马的Y染色体谱系分析中，观察到了两次几乎是瞬间发生的分化，这两次分化都发生在5500年前的驯化之后。

图1马的Y染色体树

摘要：Among domestic horses we confirmed the predominance of a young ’crown haplogroup’ in Central European and North American breeds. Within the crown, we distinguished 58 haplotypes based on 211 variants, forming three major haplogroups. In addition to two previously characterised haplogroups, one observed in Arabian/Coldblooded and the other in Turkoman/Thoroughbred horses, we uncovered a third haplogroup containing Iberian lines and a North African Barb Horse. In a genealogical showcase, we distinguished the patrilines of the three English Thoroughbred founder stallions and resolved a historic controversy over the parentage of the horse ’Galopin’, born in 1872. We observed two nearly instantaneous radiations in the history of Central and Northern European Y-chromosomal lineages that both occurred after domestication 5,500 years ago.

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