论文标题：High pollutant exposure level of the largest European community of bottlenose dolphins in the English Channel

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作者：Cyrielle Zanuttini, François Gally, Georges Scholl, Jean-Pierre Thomé, Gauthier Eppe ,Krishna Das

发表时间：2019/09/12

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《app手机版》本周发表的一项研究 High pollutant exposure level of the largest European community of bottlenose dolphins in the English Channel 考察了欧洲最大的沿海海豚种群之一，发现这些海豚的鲸脂和皮肤中可能积聚有大量污染物，譬如工业液体和汞。这82头英吉利海峡的海豚体内的汞含量为现已发现的最高水平之一。

图1：英吉利海峡Normanno-Breton海湾的宽吻海豚 图源：GECC

上世纪70和80年代，一些最发达的国家曾禁止有毒有机污染物，尤其是含氯污染物。即便如此，最深海域的海洋生物中依然能检测到这类污染物。这些有机化合物可溶于油脂，由各种工业过程和农药的副产物组成。宽吻海豚（也称瓶鼻海豚）常被用于研究环境中的污染物水平，因为这些有机化合物会堆积在它们较厚的脂肪组织层下。

图2：位于英吉利海峡Normanno-Breton海湾的宽吻海豚的取样地点 图源：Zanuttini等

比利时列日大学的Krishna Das和同事选取了82头生活在英吉利海峡Normanno-Breton海湾的野生宽吻海豚，研究它们鲸脂中的有机污染物水平和皮肤中的汞含量。作者在鲸脂中发现了较高的污染物浓度，主要成分为工业液体中的含氯化合物（雄性中为91%、雌性中为92%）。此外，皮肤样本中的汞含量也接近于此前在地中海和佛罗里达大沼泽地宽吻海豚中发现的水平——已知这两个地区的汞污染较为严重。

作者认为，Normanno-Breton海湾应划为特别保护区，从而对欧洲最大的沿海宽吻海豚种群之一加以保护。

摘要：The objective of this study was to assess the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (T-Hg) in the blubber and skin, respectively, of the free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the Normanno-Breton Gulf, one of the largest identified coastal population in Europe. Among all the POPs analysed in this study, the ∑NDL-PCBs were the most abundant compounds found in the blubber (mean: 1.33 × 105–0.65 × 105 ng.g−1 lipid weight (lw) for males and females respectively), followed by ∑DDX (1.11 × 104–4.67 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑DL-PCBs (8.06 × 103–2.62 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PBDEs (1.95 × 103–0.64 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > dieldrin (1.86 × 103–0.18 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑endosulfan (405–62 ng.g−1 lw) > HCB (86–52 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑HCHs (47–60 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑chlordane (24–0.97 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDFs (0.3–0.1 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDDs (0.06–0.05 ng.g−1 lw). The T-Hg concentrations were highly variable between individuals (2.45 × 103 ng.g−1 to 21.3 × 103 ng.g−1 dry weight, dw). The reported concentrations are among the highest reported for cetaceans. We strongly recommend that the Normanno-Breton Gulf be a special area of conservation (cSAC) candidate because it contains the last large European population of bottlenose dolphins (rare or threatened within a European context) designated under the EC Habitats Directive.

（来源：明升手机版(明升中国)）