论文标题：Constructions of alcohol consumption by non-problematised middle-aged drinkers: a qualitative systematic review

期刊：

作者：Emma, Drew Carter, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Nicholas Morfidis and Jaklin Eliott

发表时间：2018/09/18

数字识别码：10.1186/s12889-018-5948-x

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最近发表在BMC Public Health上的研究表明，对于酒精摄入量较低的中年饮酒者（30-65岁），喝酒时很少甚至不会顾虑饮酒对健康的影响。

图片来源：pixabay.com/JohannBargeld

来自澳大利亚阿德莱德大学的研究者们对13个研究进行了分析，发现没有酗酒问题的中年饮酒者，其饮酒行为会受到得体程度、性别和是否有他人在场等因素的影响，但对健康问题的担忧不在影响因素之列。

研究的通讯作者Emma Muhlack说：“健康居然不是中年人饮酒时的重点考虑因素，这一点很让人惊讶。他们即便考虑健康时，也通常会以自己的经验作为参考标准（比如自己喝太多时会有什么感觉），而不是参照健康组织制定的指南。”

作者发现，中年饮酒者认为以符合其年龄或生活阶段的方式饮酒很重要，这样才能让他们履行自己的责任，避免出现明显的醉酒迹象。性别也会影响对饮酒行为是否可接受的判断，某些饮品被认为更适合女性，其他一些则更适合男性。另外，在家中饮酒与女性相关性较高，在公共场合饮酒则与男性相关性较高。

Emma Muhlack说：“我们对中年饮酒者饮酒的决策过程知之甚少。这个综述的结果有助于我们更好地了解饮酒是如何融入中年人的日常生活，以及在尝试减少中年人饮酒量时应该考虑哪些因素。”

这些研究结果表明，旨在减少中年中度饮酒者饮酒量的公共卫生运动，如果将关注点放在饮酒者可能因做出不合宜的饮酒行为而承担的风险——比如没有履行自己对他人应尽的职责，可能对他人造成伤害，以及可能会失去别人的尊敬——而非个人的健康后果，可能会更加有效。

作者对13篇论文进行了分析，其中包括9篇来自英国的文章，这些论文研究了酒精摄入量以及包括中年中度饮酒者在内的饮酒人群的体验。

作者提醒，由于这篇综述中所分析的研究大部分是在英国进行的，所以对于其他国家而言结果的普适性可能有限。

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摘要：

Background

Current research into alcohol consumption focuses predominantly on problematic drinkers and populations considered likely to engage in risky behaviours. Middle-aged drinkers are an under-researched group, despite emerging evidence that their regular drinking patterns may carry some risk.

Methods

We searched Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Ovid PsycInfo for peer-reviewed, English-language publications appearing prior to 31 December 2015 and relating to the construction of alcohol consumption by middle-aged non-problematised drinkers. Thirteen papers were included in our thematic analysis.

Results

Middle-aged non-problematised drinkers constructed their drinking practices by creating a narrative of normative drinking via discourses of gender, identity, play, and learning to drink. They also used drinking norms to construct their gender and identity. Health was not identified as a significant consideration for the population of interest when constructing alcohol consumption, except where drinking behaviours were likely to harm another.

Conclusions

These results suggest that public health campaigns aimed at reducing alcohol consumption may be more effective if they focus on unacceptable drinking behaviours instead of personal health outcomes.

期刊介绍：

() is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on the epidemiology of disease and the understanding of all aspects of public health. The journal has a special focus on the social determinants of health, the environmental, behavioral, and occupational correlates of health and disease, and the impact of health policies, practices and interventions on the community.

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